The Ongoing Struggle For A Family Essays - Sexual Orientation, LGBT

The Ongoing Struggle For A Family The Ongoing Struggle for a Family ?The most significant thing in a family is that all the individuals in it love one another.? This portion is from a kids' book, composed by Leslea Newman, Called ?Heather Has Two Mommies.? This story is proposed to show kids that not every person's family is the same. Numerous reasons are given to debate gay and lesbian child rearing yet totally established on a portion of the obsolete convictions that Hitler used to slaughter gay people during W.W.II, dread and bias! In spite of the fact that having youngsters and being guardians appears to be a fundamental human right or decision, numerous individuals accept that the administration ought to have the power to separate who can are can't have kids, paying little mind to their child rearing aptitudes. Some state that it is unnatural for gay and lesbians to have kids since they need to go to such limits to have them (Oppos ..199). It is somewhat amusing on the grounds that it has become standard for hetero couples that are resolved barren to utilize manual semen injection, selection, and even invitro-preparation, and when one of these techniques is effective the couple is said to have had a marvel, while the gay or lesbian couple is supposed to be over the top. Lesbian couples may utilize sperm banks, or they may turn into coparents with a gay couple that likewise wishes to have kids. In these cases the kid has 4 adoring and sustaining guardians rather than the standard 2. Noom 2 Another restricting perspective is that all gays and lesbians are explicitly indiscriminate, consequently have HIV/AIDS, and their connections are not steady enough to have kids (Oppos..199). ?Lesbians and gays love and structure profound and enduring duties simply like heteros. To guarantee in any case is to pronounce that lesbians and gays are some way or another not human and disregard the truth of their lives,? (New Civil..125) Laws and social perspectives appear be clashed on what they need since they state gay/lesbian connections are definitely not stable, yet than deny them the option to wed, consequently through laws and enactment the are not advancing the conduct that they appear to require. HIV/AIDS is a loathsome malady what's more, honestly is a significant worry in the gay network, yet it is a result of the generalizations, absence of instruction, and information about the sickness itself that this infection had the option to assault numerous gay guys. In spite of the fact that HIV/AIDS is a worry for individuals in general the quantity of lesbian ladies with it is nearly non-existent. Does this imply hetero couples that have HIV/AIDS are not having kids? No, endless articles can be found about medication utilizing whores that bring forth an infant with HIV and still holds authority. While in 1997, a ladies named Sharon Bottoms loses her youngster in Virginia to her mom for being gay, ?dynamic lesbianism rehearsed in the home may represent a trouble upon the kid by reason of ?Social Condemnation' joined to such an course of action? the state Supreme Court expressed (issues..36). All expectation isn't lost however, in June of 1997 an Ohio bids court maintained that, ?sexual direction alone, has no importance to a choice concerning the allotment of parental rights and obligations,? (Issues..37) Numerous individuals accept that gays and lesbians shouldn't have children on the grounds that the kid will be attacked as well as be mal balanced as an adolescent and grown-up. ?Lesbians and gays are naturally wiped out and go after youngsters. Giving them authority of kids opens those kids up to sexual maltreatment. They can't bring up solid kids,? (Oppos..199). Noom 3 The measurements surely don't bolster these announcements, ?Adults who explicitly attack youngsters are a different gathering. Nobody race, religion level of knowledge, level of instruction, occupation, or salary separates culprits from the remainder of the populace,? (New Civil.. 78). One thing is clear, regularly a kid molester is a hetero male who is familiar with the person in question (New Civil..78). Others accept that an offspring of a gay is in all likelihood going to be a gay, and regardless of whether they are not they will make some hard memories growing up because of the prodding and generalizations of their cohorts and network. Studies have refuted these convictions, ?Although examines have evaluated more than 300 posterity of gay or lesbian guardians in 12 distinct examples, no proof has been found for critical aggravations of any sort in the improvement of sexual personality.? they proceed to state that, ? the equivalent remained constant for moral turn of events, insight, and friend connections,? (New Civil..132). Like all kids, kids from gay and lesbian

Female Delinquency Essays - Criminology, Juvenile Delinquency

Female Delinquency One of the most significant issues in wrongdoing today is Juvenile Delinquency. It is time and again the reason that individuals consider it to be something ?new? also, an issue that needs to be managed by the present society. Female misconduct is and has been quickly expanding in the previous hardly any years. In Girls, Delinquency, and Juvenile Justice, Lind and Shelden give an outline of adolescent misconduct among females. To completely comprehend the topic of who, where, when, how, and why females are reprobate, it is important to initially comprehend the idea of female misconduct. To fathom the whole investigation of female wrongdoing, it is additionally basic to become familiar with the hypotheses why females submit such wrongdoings and wrongdoings. Likewise, to comprehend the lifestyle and the reprobate demonstrations of females. Females are additionally engaged with the subculture of groups. Also, what happens when these females become some portion of the adolescent equity framework? At the point when females are captured for their association of reprobate acts they enter the equity framework, yet what are the courts doing to persevere through that these young ladies get the fitting condemning? Whenever sent to a confinement place precisely where are they going and what goes on there? Lind and Shelden met an example of imprisoned females about their experience as female delinquents. A diagram of the investigation of female wrongdoing will be examined utilizing crafted by Lind and Shelden as an auxiliary source information and it will finish up whether females that have been a piece of the equity framework are presently coordinated into our general public as honest residents. Society regularly ignores at the reasons why youthful females perpetrate violations and reprobate acts. It is essential that we investigate the idea of female wrongdoing to all the more likely comprehend what has driven these young ladies to submit reprobate acts. Most of young ladies that become reprobate are formed by issues that they face in the present society. Such issues incorporate, little force given to ladies, hardly any employments alternatives, and less social equality in contrast with men, and not to notice the base of the issue which as a rule is their home. Most of these females originate from low-salary and broken homes where they are regularly raised by a solitary parent. The most widely recognized kind of wrongdoings submitted by female delinquents is robbery burglary, otherwise called ?shoplifting.? As indicated by Morris, females are more regularly identified by store staff since it is excepted that ladies will in general shoplift more than men, and thusly are observed all the more intently. A clarification for shoplifting (Morris) is a ?subliminal thought processes (propensity for stealing), sadness or neediness. Allurement is another motivation behind why young ladies shoplift, they accept that prominence is tied with physical appearance and the investment in style and crazes. This is particularly valid in high school young ladies from poor families on the grounds that these youngsters feel that they should be some portion of the young subculture so as to fit in at school and among their companions. The status offenses that are generally dedicated by youthful females are running away and check in time infringement, however with these minor demonstrations come significant outcomes which at times it incorporates prostitution. Insights gauge that more than one million adolescents younger than eighteen flee from homes every year and an expected million leave ?by shared assent? or then again are ?expendables? (Roberts, 1987:xi). The greater part of the adolescents that flee stay inside ten miles from home and at any rate 60% get back inside three days. A portion of the reasons why these females leave their house is in departure from sexual exploitation that happens in the home. Other flee young ladies leave their home since they are insubordinate and are regularly drop-outs that will in general be irate and they are estranged from their folks. An expected 600,000 whore young ladies are younger than sixteen and they larger part of these young ladies have been run aways. The maltreatment of these young ladies frequently proceeds from oppressive pimps what's more, clients . Hypotheses of female wrongdoing go back to the principal academic ?father? of criminology Caesar Lombroso. As per Lombroso, all criminal conduct could be clarified as the conduct of ?organic legacies? also, lawbreakers were regularly seen as a less profoundly advanced ordinary, honest resident. In progress of Lombroso, one could discover a book loaded up with figures of ladies' loads, estimation of their lower jaws, cerebrums, eyes, noses, skulls, and hands. Lombroso presumed that ?females were intrinsically less slanted toward wrongdoing than guys due to their inactive nature and their organic jobs as overseers of kids.? Yet, when

Social Media Manager Resume Examples, Template, and Resume Tips

Social Media Manager Resume Examples, Template, and Resume Tips Every single one of us has struggled to write their resume at least once in our lives. It should be easy and straightforward-list your education, experience, skills, give some basic information and write a little about yourself.Or is it just that? You know the answer to that question- no, it is not just that.Learning how to present yourself, highlight your advantages and hide your flaws is extremely crucial.And, no, you are not lying like that, you are just learning a way to present yourself in the best possible way that will help your case and get you that dream job.But, this is not news for you. You have studied and worked with this kind of set-up ever since you chose your education path.This is what you will do for the rest of your life- making other people and/or their companies or products look great n the eyes of the others.You will emphasize why they are good, and you will hide why they are not good (because lets face it, no one is perfect).So why is composing a resume a poten tial problem even for you?Being a social media manager you already have all the skills to do this on your own, so why struggle?According to psychology, people are uncomfortable speaking about themselves in such situations.This is why we decided to create this guide and this resume builder, to help you gain more confidence in what is essentially self-marketing. You will see how you can tackle the question ofresume lengthwhich information you should include andwhich ones to leave outhow to make your resume stand out with the recruitershow to tackle the experience section especially if you have none (ah, the nightmare!)how to make your resume be at the top 10% in any recruitment processand surely some more questions you do not yet know you have will be answered throughout.We will first present you with two great examples of how a resume should look like and what kind of information it should contain.Pay attention to the order, the way in which we are listing the facts, and you should b e able to recognize great patterns to apply to writing your own resume.And, if you didnt notice everything, or just want to check yourself, you can read the detailed break-down of all sections separately.Take a look at the examples and compare them to your resume.Are there any differences?Make notes of what you think you have done well, and of what you think should be changed.Lets go!Social Media Manager Resume Example Right Social Media Manager Resume Sample Right Create your own resumeHave you recognized the patterns of a good resume? Which tactics do you already use and which were news to you?Go ahead and make your resume following these two great examples! Have you picked out the perfect layout from our resume builder?If not, do it now, and start filling in information that you already know how to do perfectly.But, just not to have any doubts, read on.We have broken down all of the sections and explained how you can make them work for you in the best possible way, and we have pointed out common mistakes and traps candidates often fall into.HOW TO WRITE THE PERSONAL INFORMATION SECTIONAs a manager yourself, you are well aware of how important the first impression is.You set up the tone for further communication in the only first couple of seconds. Your information section is just that the means to set up the tone. Impress them and intrigue them, or put them off.The information you provide in this section is all the necessary informa tion your recruiters need to contact you, so how can you even mess it up?It is not about what information you provide, thats (almost) always the same.The way to stand out, or at least not put off the recruiters in the very beginning, is in the way you present all of the given information.The obligatory information you must include:Name your full name, no middle names, and definitely no nicknames. You want to appear professional and serious.Profession the job you are applying for. Sometimes companies are looking for more that one candidate for different positions, and you stating right away what job you want to be considered for makes it easier for them to spot you.Contact information i.e. address, phone number, and e-mail address. All of them need to be valid and you should use them actively. You do not want to have 2 missed calls and return them two days later. When it comes to your e-mail address, as creative as you are, you should keep your e-mail professional. Old, highschool e-mails or instawizzard@gmail.com will maybe be colorful and fun, but you want something that will be easily linked to your name.Photo and LinkedIn account information is information you are not always required to provide. Common practices of including a photo in a resume vary from country to country and state to state, so check the practices before including it. You are usually not required to even have a LinkedIn account, but today, everybody who understands the online world will have one, and provide it.Social media accounts are optional for the majority of people, however, in your case, they are practically compulsory. They will make your case harder than any other information you provide. A well-managed Facebook, Instagram or Twitter profile will show them how creative and agile you are in presenting yourself and will give them a sense of the direction you might take their management in.Keep your social media account fresh and interesting to spark their interest. You might eve n consider setting them on Public.HOW TO WRITE THE SUMMARY SECTION LIKE A PROHave you ever written a summary of your clients company for that About section of Facebook?Of course, you have! Now, you have to do the same for yourself. Tell us a little bit about yourself in 3 sentences. Harder than it sounds? It does not have to be. Our guidelines and insights will help you write a perfect summary.We said 3 sentences, you can write 2- but be careful not to be stingy with words, or up to 5- but not longer, as the recruiters do not have the time nor the will to read the story of your life.The crucial part of writing a summary section is its content. How you can decide which information to use here is what we will teach you now.It is actually easier than you think. Everything you need to know is in the job description.Pick 2-3 keywords to emphasize and go from there. Do they need an experienced manager, emphasize the experience and one or two achievements. With achievements try to be as sp ecific as you can.Being vague will be considered only as filler words. If you do not have any experience, emphasize your education and/or your motivation. State a personal ability or trait that makes you the greatest addition to their team.Since writing the summary is maybe the most difficult part of creating a resume, these guidelines should help. Let us see some examples of good and some examples of bad summaries.SummaryAn experienced social media manager is looking for a new job. WrongSummaryA social media manager with over 4 years of hands-on experience and over 500 successful projects is looking for a new job where I can express my creativity, and broaden my knowledge. I am looking to work in an environment that respects individuality but also sets a standard of service. I am ready to share my knowledge and experience. RightIn the first example, you see a person stating the obvious without providing any specific information about themselves. The recruiters will not differenti ate them from the sea of other candidates.In the second example, the candidate provides specific information- ‘over 4 years of experience’, ‘over 500 successful projects’, ‘individuality’, ‘broaden my knowledge’, ‘standard of service’.All of these give the recruiters the sense of what motivates you, what are your principles and previous achievements.EXPERIENCE SECTION THAT STANDS OUTThe experience section is pretty straightforward. List your related experience in reverse-chronological order.The recruiters consider the latest experience the most relevant, as the skills you have acquired and practiced will be fresh in your mind.To make the experience section work for you pay attention to the order in which you are listing the information. Start with the period in which you have worked in that position, state the position, and finally, state the company you worked for.The thing you should most pay attention to is the information you provide about your achievements a nd duties.Many candidates will resort to saying things like: worked on managing multiple social accounts.Why is that bad?Well, it does not give any new information; it is generic as everybody in the same position would have to do exactly that.So, what do you do? Say something along the lines of managed 100 social media accounts , or analyzed weekly data without supervision. This will let the recruiters know what kind of an employee you are.Do not make the description longer than two lines, for the sake of clarity and the ease of reading.With our resume builder, it will be easy for you to add or remove sections depending on how much experience you have. Pick the layout you like and start writing your resume!ABCS ON EDUCATION SECTIONThe education section provides information about your formal education. The general rule is to write about your college education, not your high school education unless it is directly related to the job you are applying for.Start from the most recent point and go back.Even if your formal education is not directly related to the job, you may want to include it if you can explain why it helps you do the job you are applying for. In the first example, the candidate lists his BA in Literature.Why?Because it is obvious that reading and probably writing a lot during his school years have helped him develop fluency and the ability to adapt to styles and write perfect content (as he later stated that he can in his skills section). In this situation, a seemingly unrelated point can speak volumes in your favor.Other things you want to point out, especially if you do not have any related experience in the field are your achievements during the period of schooling. This means your GPA if it was exceptional, awards or scholarships you have received.Emphasize any certificates, courses, and licenses as well.If you have experience in the field you do not have to do this next thing (unless you are specifically proud of something, and it does not crow d your resume), but if you do not have enough hands-on experience you should definitely do this.List specific achievements and skills you have acquired, it may help the recruiters get the sense of what you can contribute.SKILLS THAT ACTUALLY IMPRESS EMPLOYERSThe skills section should contain information about the set of skills you have that helps you do your job better than others, as well as the set of skills that will make you a good addition to the team in terms of cultivating interpersonal relationships.You will probably not work alone, so getting along with your co-workers should be important. Also, interpersonal skills help you understand your customers motivation and drives, as well as how the target audience may react.Choosing the skills to include can depend on the job description as well, so provide information about any skill that you possess and the job description requires. Do not include irrelevant information, since it will only crowd the resume.Apart from only includ ing hard skills in a resume, there are two other types of mistakes that a candidate can make:randomly throw on the skills without any recognizable ordernot set the level of expertise in each skill.Let us look at the examples: Right WrongIn the first example, the skills are un-graded and written down without order, and in the second example, they are grouped in hard and then soft skills and graded with stars.To grade the skills according to the level of expertise you can use various formats â€" descriptive (advanced, beginner), star-based (as in the example), scale-based (-), grades (3/5, 5/5), and more.Choose the layout that suits you the most, as our resume builder offers a variety of options and complete the last step to attaining that great job!FINAL TIPS TRICKSKeep your social media accounts interview-ready. We did say that you may want to keep the accounts open for the public, but you can hide the drunk party photos or any other inappropriate content. You know better than anybody how to create the perfect professional image for yourself, even though there is possibly a party animal deep inside you.Keep a master resume. Use our resume builder to create a master resume which will contain all of the inform ation about your experience, education, and skills. It will immensely help you when you decide to make another targeted resume.Tailor-make resumes. With our resume builder, create a new resume for each new job application. Even the slightest change like adding or removing a certain skill or summary wording can make a huge difference. Everything you need to know is in the job description so use it to guide you as you choose which information you want to include.Provide links to social media accounts that you managed in the past, and make sure that they are still valid. If you do not manage them anymore, provide the period in which you did. It will not be difficult to locate the content.Keep your resume one-page long (or two pages maximum). It is much easier to find all the important information on that without flipping the pages.Save your resume as a PDF document or even as a link. They are un-editable, nice, and neat.Proofread your resume before sending it. Especially if you are say ing that you are great at writing content a type-O will show them that you are careless and inattentive. Just to be sure, ask a friend or a family member to help you in case you missed something. A fresh set of eyes can spot something you are overlooking.Practice answering interview questions. Practice alone, in front of a mirror, or again ask a friend to role-play it with you. They might even come up with a question that you could not anticipate, so check how you will manage the situation. They know you well, so they may help you strengthen your weak spots.CONCLUSIONWith the global use of the internet, social media platforms have become the main place for advertising, self-advertising, sharing your ideas, drawing people to your cause, raising awareness and practically anything that you can think of.This is why any company, big or small, can benefit from having a Social Media Manager, regardless of their field of interest.This is how they can focus on doing the business and you, a p rofessional, will be responsible for creating their public image.We cannot guarantee that you will get that job right away, but we do guarantee that your resume will be noticed as one of the best recruiters have ever seen.We hope that this text and its simple, yet effective guidelines will help you get that dream job where you can fully express your creativity, social media knowledge, and marketing skills. We wish you many followers! Create your own resume

Elizabeth as a Woman of Independent Mind in Jane Austens...

Elizabeth as a Woman of Independent Mind in Jane Austens Pride and Prejudice In Jane Austens novel Pride and Prejudice, Elizabeth Bennet is shown to be an opinionated, headstrong young woman. Her unconventional independence challenges the 19th century stereotype of high society women, who tended to conform to the expectations of society. Though her prejudiced judgement of others fails her sometimes, Elizabeth has a lively, playful disposition, that delights in anything ridiculous. Although different in character to most women of her society, Elizabeth still manages to express much propriety in the presence of company. During the dance she shares with Fitzwilliam Darcy, her temper†¦show more content†¦Elizabeth realises the importance of appropriate etiquette, and displays this during her vain attempts to apologise for her mothers rude remarks towards Darcy. Though unsuccessful, she takes great responsibility in upholding her family name in the presence of those who think otherwise. Elizabeth is also keen about nature, using her perceptive eye to marvel at its beauty. Her fondness for reading is great, and she is always able to amuse herselfà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦with a book. Her ability to sing and play the piano is most pleasing, as the entreaties of several would suggest. Though she parallels her female acquaintances in many ways, Elizabeth still possesses a unique spirit, portraying her to be a woman ahead of her time. For instance, when she arrives at Netherfield house, Elizabeth astounds her sisters hosts. Covered in several inches of mud, she arrives at the household to visit her elder sister Jane. The Bingley sisters, shocked by her appearance, perceive Elizabeth to lack decorum, and judge her to have nothing, in short, to recommend her. Darcy, however, feels otherwise. He is divided between admiration- purely because of the effect such exercise has had on Elizabeths complexion, and doubt, because such a minor illness would not have aroused such urgency in most women. Elizabeths surprising visit isolates her from other women in society, thus revealing herShow MoreRelatedJane Austen s Pride And Prejudice1294 Words   |  6 PagesJane Austen s exceptional novel Pride and Prejudice has been depicted as a classic that is as much a social study on class, marriage and gender as it is a romantic tale. It is an amusing representation of the social atmosphere of the late eighteenth and mid nineteenth century England, and it is primarily required with courtship rituals of the English high class. The novel is more than a romantic tale, however through Austen s subtle, and ironic style, it addresses gender, class, and marriageRead MorePride and Prejudice is a British novel written by Jane Austen. 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The biased process and importance of marriage are introduced with the first lineRead MoreEssay on Jane Austen and Social Status1559 Words   |  7 PagesJane Austen essay outline Jane Austen, the English novelist, often spoke of what living under social classes was like with the status of women and their class during her time in the nineteenth century. Miss Austens novels all outlined this common link, during which she shows how it affects other peoples views of one another with respect. The upper class did not work, and contained some of the oldest families, in which most were titled aristocrats. Most of the income was received upon birthRead MorePride And Prejudice By Jane Austen1176 Words   |  5 PagesThroughout all of Jane Austen’s writing, she uses metaphors as a representation of the societal values and culture she was undergoing in real life. Austen lived in a period where gender roles were definite and followed. Finding a suitable husband to depend on for a secure future was the sole purpose for daughters in the family. These circumstances were conventional, and for the most part, not questioned. Though, Austen had a voice that she wanted to share, so she used symbolism to minimize the provocativeRead More Compromise and Marriage in Pride and Prejudice Essay examples1937 Words   |  8 PagesCompromise and Marriage in Pride and Prejudice      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   It is not unusual for an individual to disagree with social customs or expectations. Some people are only happy when they can rebel against society. Most mature adults eventually realize that compromise is necessary to achieve happiness. This is the case in the early nineteenth century England setting of Pride and Prejudice, by Jane Austen. In the novel, Miss Elizabeth Bennet is a lively, independent woman, whose familys financial situationRead MoreJane Austen Critical Analysis1220 Words   |  5 Pagesthrough their work’s content or theme. In the case of Jane Austen, an eighteenth-nineteenth century novelist, writing style and theme are two things she is most admired and remembered for. Austen’s main themes encompass her views of the roles and values of women, family, and marriage in her era. In addition to this, her opinion of how social status affected each of those also lies within her words. Although there is criticism about what Austen’s w riting lacks, there is also praise of her particular

The Creation of Womens Identities in the Color Purple by...

If we read The Color Purple with gender on the agenda as required we can identify how the form contributes to the impact of the narrative. The Color Purple is a story that unfolds through the writing and exchange of letters. Opening with the line You better not never tell nobody but God. Itd kill your mammy. A warning issued by the abusive father (later and importantly discovered to be step-father) of the central character Celie who indeed pours out her secret to God and later to her sister Nettie about her life and her pain. It is this epistolary form of storytelling that allows the characters introduced to the reader by the character of Celie to reveal themselves their roles and their culture in an authentic sounding way.†¦show more content†¦He abuses her because he can do so with impunity. Then on Mr.em_/emem, who beats her Cause she my wife. Mr./emem_/ems view of Celie renders her an object, no more important than an animal. It is through her continued writing of these letters that Celie finds an outlet for her pain and creativity and, with the help of Shug, and the example of Sophia, that she eventually finds, stands up for, and loves herself. Through the characters of Celie, Mary Agnes, Sophia, Shug and Nettie, we see the various positions - all still at the bottom of the totem pole- which the women hold (and during the course of the story, try to climb up from) in order to get through their lives which have been doubly proscribed by their gender and their race. Nettie, being quick and bright has found it easier to educate herself at least enough to avoid the fate that befell her sister. She teaches Celie to read and write in an example of sisterly love and tries to bolster her sisters non-existent self esteem in the process. When she writes to Celie her letters are well written and scholarly. Nettie represents the woman of colors aspiration to transcend race and gender in order to be her best most creative self. Sofia is viewed by Celie as unbowed and assertive, stronger than any of the male characters. She writes I like Sofia, but she dont act like me at all. If she talking whenShow MoreRelated Alice Walker Essay1482 Words   |  6 Pages Best known for her Pulitzer Prize-winning novel The Color Purple, Alice Walker portrays black women struggling for sexual as well as racial equality and emerging as strong, creative individuals. Walker was born on February 9, 1944, in Eatonton, Georgia, the eighth child of Willie Lee and Minnie Grant Walker. When Walker was eight, her right eye was injured by one of her brothers, resulting in permanent damage to her eye and facial disfigurement that isolated her as a child. This is where her feminineRead MoreAlice Walkers Themes of Womanism, Community, and Regeneration1968 Words   |  8 PagesLi Mrs. Harper English 6H 7th February 2011 Alice Walkers Themes of Womanism, Community, and Regeneration Alice Walker is considered one of the most influential African American writers of the 20th century, because of her raw portrayal of African American struggles and the injustices towards black women. She was the first African American female novelist to win both the Pulitzer Prize and the National Book Award for The Color Purple. Her work is appealing and powerful because â€Å"WalkersRead MoreEssay on Race and Class in Alice Walkers Color Purple1622 Words   |  7 PagesEssay on Race and Class in The Color Purple  Ã‚     Ã‚   An important  Ã‚  juncture in Alice Walkers The Color Purple is reached when Celie first recovers the missing letters from her long-lost sister Nettie. This discovery not only signals the introduction of a new narrator to this epistolary novel but also begins the transformation of Celie from writer to reader. Indeed, the passage in which Celie struggles to puzzle out the markings on her first envelope from Nettie provides a concrete illustration Read MoreComparative Essay; to Kill a Mockingbird and the Colour Purple3841 Words   |  16 PagesOne Will Take What He Is Given The purpose of Alice Walker’s novel The Color Purple and Harper Lee’s To Kill a Mockingbird is to demonstrate the hardships that are met when ignorance and tradition bring about the influence of sexism, racism and genuine prejudice to the general public. 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Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesCharacteristics of the U.S. Workforce 41 †¢ Levels of Diversity 42 †¢ Discrimination 42 Biographical Characteristics 44 Age 44 †¢ Sex 46 †¢ Race and Ethnicity 48 †¢ Disability 48 †¢ Other Biographical Characteristics: Tenure, Religion, Sexual Orientation, and Gender Identity 50 Ability 52 Intellectual Abilities 52 †¢ Physical Abilities 55 †¢ The Role of Disabilities 56 Implementing Diversity Management Strategies 56 Attracting, Selecting, Developing, and Retaining Diverse Employees 56 †¢ Diversity in Groups 58 †¢ Effective

The Mayans Essay - 587 Words

The Mayans The ancient Mayan civilization settled in the Yucatan Peninsula in around 900 AD. This civilizations was one of the most advanced of its times. They created their own religion, language, mathematical structure, a very precise calendar, and many other things. The Mayan way of life revolved their religion. They had a polytheistic religion praising many gods. Each god had a certain thing that they would rule over or take care of. Chac was the god of rain, Kinich Ahau was the sun god, and Yum Cimil was the god of the underworld. There were many gods and goddess for almost every reason one could think of, there is even a goddess of suicide. They would perform human sacrifices, bleeding rituals, and dances to praise and to†¦show more content†¦The children in upper class families would be taught many different skills, whereas the commoners children would just learn the skill of their parents. The children would continue to live with their parents until the got married. Th ere were many regulations about sex and marriage. Homosexuality and inbreeding was strictly forbidden. If they practiced those they would become an outcast. There was also no marriage outside the classes unless the chief of the district approved it. The Mayans were also were technologically advanced. They used their own math system. One dot stood for one, a bar symbolized five, and a shell figure was zero. The numbers were expressed vertically with the highest on top. The also created a very precise calendars. Two different calendars were calculated 260-day and a 365-day. They were able to calculate the dates because at noon time there was no shadow. This was important for them to use in predicting eclipses, scheduling religious ceremonies, and when to plant and harvest. Agriculture and trade were the basis of the economy. A wide variety of things were grown. The predominate crop was maize. However, beans, squash, pumpkin, chili peppers, tomatoes, frijol, yucca, cocoa, t obacco, avocado, and sapota were grown and traded. The goods were taken to major cities and traded for things like cloth, jade, pottery, fish, deer meat, and also salt. All of these were traded by canoe. They also domesticated dogs andShow MoreRelatedMayan And Mayan Writing System1067 Words   |  5 PagesMayan culture and civilization are said to be far beyond their time by their complex writing and numerical system. In the pre-Columbian America, the Mayan writing system is said to be the â€Å"only† true writing system within the Americas. By examining the environment the Maya had lived, we are able to look at the how the Maya used their writing system and it also further reflects the Maya’s surroundings. The Mayan civilization had flourished throughout the Yucatan peninsula in Central America. TheyRead MoreThe Maya And The Mayan Civilization1439 Words   |  6 PagesMaya). The Mayans were a very advanced people, but one of the most important things in the Mayan culture was their religion/god worshipping rituals. The Mayans were an architectural type of people who based some of their masterpieces off of their religion. The Mayans built things like pyramids and monuments, which were very important (Maya). They used limestone, gold and copper in the construction of these structures (Editors). One of the most famous Mayan temples is Chichen Itza. The Mayans also hadRead MoreMayan Civilization and Culture1077 Words   |  5 Pages The Ancient Mayan civilization contained nearly two-thirds of Mesoamerica. The area included mostly volcanic mountains to porous limestone, also referred to as the lowlands in the more central regions. Mayan civilization extended from Belize and Mexico’s Yucatan Peninsula in the north, to Honduras in the south. 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The Mayan Civilization extended over a time period dating back to 400 B.C to approximately 1517 ARead MoreThe Mayan Empire Essay492 Words   |  2 PagesThe Mayan Empire The Mayan Empire was one of the most innovative and interesting civilizations. It was an ancient civilization that was one of the most advanced and innovative ones. They inhabited the Yucatan peninsula and the empire lasted for about 3500 years ending around the year 1500 AD. It is considered the greatest civilization among the original cultures of the western hemisphere. The empire was located in what is now known as Central America. They lived in the area that is now BelizeRead MoreEssay about Mayan Indians751 Words   |  4 Pages Mayan Indians The Mayan Indians lived mainly on or near the Yucatan Peninsula. This region had many volcanic mountains or Highlands in the south and the Lowlands in the central and northern regions. The southern part of the Lowlands was covered by a rain forest and the northern by much drier forests. You could also find savannas and swamps scattered throughout many of these regions. The fields that farmers would use to grow crops are cut and burned around February toRead MoreThe Mayan Civilization : Ancient Civilization1425 Words   |  6 PagesThe Mayan Civilization: For many centuries the Mayan was of life was a mystery to archaeologists. Their geography, social structure, government, economy/trade, technology, writing, and arts were all thought to be forever lost. Now, as archaeologists are still uncovering more information, what was once referred to as â€Å"The Lost Civilization of Maya†, has been awakened from the grave of unknown. Geography: The ancient Mayan Civilization surrounded by the Gulf of Mexico and the Pacific Ocean stretchedRead MoreAncient Mayan Script Of The Maya1282 Words   |  6 PagesAncient Mayan Script The Maya hieroglyphic writing is perhaps one of the most complex writing systems in the world. This writing system contains over hundreds of rare signs or glyphs in the form of humans, animals, and objects. Many of these signs contained either logograms or syllabograms to write words, sentences, and phrases. Logograms were to used express the meaning and syllabograms to denote sound values. The Mayan’s were able to write anything that they can say. They were able to turn whatever

Documenting The Depression Essay Example For Students

Documenting The Depression Essay Documenting the Depression:The FSA photographers and Rural PovertyThe Great Depression fell hard in the year of 1935 bringing what seemed to some people the end of the world. But in truth, the Great Depression was nothing near the end of the world, in fact the year of 1935 was not the first year nor was it the last year that many families had suffered and went hungry due to lack of work. Families forced to leave their home. Children going in hunger while their bellies pierced with pain. Mothers trying desperately to keep the family together while holding the brunt of the problems due to the depression. The husbands feeling the guilt for not having a job and thinking that it is his fault. Children scream with lack of food and sheer boredom as the families pack their bags and head towards California in hopes to find work and the start of a new life. This is a painted picture of what one might have saw during the Great Depression. However, we need not imagine what it might have been lik e. What pictures might have looked like because we already know. Photography was a technological advance during the nineteenth century and although not many people had cameras, the ones that did, did not miss the opportunity to capture the cruel times of that period. In John Vachons picture taken in 1940, he shows an abandoned farmhouse in Ward County, North Dakota. Vachon also takes a picture of the living quarters of a fruit packing home for the workers in Berrien, Michigan in 1940. The small confinements of the house could barely suit one person let alone a whole family. Dorothea Lang, another photographer of that time shots photos of a migrant mother in Nipomo, California in 1936. Her face stern and wrinkled. A look of sadness and concern appears on her tired face while her two children cling on to her shoulder. She also took a picture of a Mexican migrant workers home in Imperial Valley, California in 1937. His home is merely anymore than a small bedroom. A shack made out of ca rdboard and what appears to be aluminum. Once again, hardly set for one person let alone a family. These conditions were not anything unusual. Unfortunately, those were the times during the Great Depression and the photographers could not have captured them any better. The Great Depression ended because of World War II but the memories and the photographs during that period would not be forgotten. In 1962 a man by the name of Edward Steichen, head of the photography department in New York for the Museum of Modern Art made an exhibit titled, The Bitter Years, 1935-1941. Because of that exhibit, people discovered that some things had not changed at all since than: rural poverty, racial discrimination, and social injustice. The exhibit helped shed new light to what really happened during those times. For the people that went through the depression, it may have brought back memories Dont forget were you steamed from someone once said and for the people who may never know what it is like to be taken away from all you know and forced to live in poverty, it helped shed new light to the meaning, There is no place like home. The pictures show the evidence. The faces of the people, worn out and etched with worry. The children full of dirt and grit. The families gathered around but with no smiles. I will never know exactly how hard those times were for those people, nor will anyone else who did not live in those times. But the pictures, well they speak for themselves. I was asked to answer the question, What messages did these photographs send to middle-class Americans who saw them but my only conclusion is fear. I do not think that they felt guilty during that time period because it wasnt them. I actually think that they considered themselves lucky and considered the poverty stricken to have gotten what they deserve. The once-fertile farmlands of the plains and prairies were no longer usable due to the dust storms and the abandonment of the farmers. Another question asked was, Why do you think these documentary photographs were so effective in creating sympathy and support for aid to these farmers? My ans wer to that is because they represent the truth. The photographs of hard working women, men and children who were forced to grow up before there time. Dirt plastered on their faces like it was make-up and clothes ragged and torn like they were dolls. Physical appearance was what it appears to be at its worst. Hair left untangled and showers, well they were scarce. The times were definitely rough. But the pictures that were taken were not only of hard times and desperate people; they were also of the people that profited from the Great Depression. People like the owner of a general store, Bank and Cotton Gin in Wendell, North Carolina in 1939. That picture was taken by Marion Post Wolcott and it shows the owner neatly pressed wearing a black suit and hat smoking a cigar. Arthur Rothstein took another picture in 1940 that one also depicts an owner of a mule dealer in Creedmoor, North Carolina neatly pressed in a black suit only smoking a cigarette as opposed to a cigar. Those were the people who didnt care that people were suffering, they didnt care if they had no home and most of all, they didnt care if children went hungry. They were in it for they money. So when I look at those pictures and think what the American middle class worker at that time would think, I hatefully have to say that they would not care one way or another. You win some, you lose some. The Great Depression was a tragic era in history. To sum up the feelings and hard times that people had suffered through would be nearly impossible. But like I stated in the previous pages, the pictures tell no lies. The pictures cannot erase the expression on peoples faces or the appearance that portray. The evidence is in the pictures, it always has been and it will remain to do so until the end of time. Words/ Pages : 1,049 / 24

Risk Assessment and Contingency Plans

There are several risks that such company as Target can be exposed. First of all, it is possible to speak about the changes in labor legislation. The government of the United States or Canada can introduce new laws requiring Target and other large retailers to raise minimum wages for the employees.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Risk Assessment and Contingency Plans specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This change can strongly affect the financial performance of this organization. Currently, the company faces various lawsuits related to their alleged failure to compensate their employees properly and offer them adequate medical insurance (EOWLD1 unpaged). Thus, it is possible that these legal conflicts can eventually give rise to new laws. Canadian citizens do not receive healthcare coverage directly from the employer, it is provided by the government (Greenberg, 63). However, the cost of the coverage is re flected in the taxes that private companies pay. Therefore, rapid increase in these health coverage costs can result in extra expense for Target. The company has to be ready for these changes in legislations; otherwise they can lose their positions in the market. Secondly, this management of this company should remember that economic recession forces people in Canada to choose less expensive products, and as a result, retailing companies have to lower the prices and enter price competition. This competition will be very difficult for Target, especially if we consider its rivalry competition with Wall-Mart (Rowley, 175). Finally, one should also take into account that some Canadian customers may give preference to local retailers rather than foreign ones. Therefore, by opening new stores in Canada Target may not achieve the expected profits. The contingency plan can include several important steps. For example, the company should develop new compensation plan which reflect the possib le changes in labor laws in Canada. Admittedly, this change can affect the profitability of this corporation at the beginning but without it they will not be able to operate in this country. The second important step is to expand the range of their products. Currently, this company offers high quality products to middle-income people (Rowley, 175). They should also sell the merchandise that will affordable to people of lower income. Additionally, this corporation should establish close partnership with a variety of Canadian suppliers in order to make their supply chain more cost-effective.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Finally, this organization has to make sure that it is viewed by Canadian customers as a responsible corporate citizen. In part, Target can do it by retaining the employees of Zellers Inc, the retailing company that they acquired. Overall, these str ategies can avert possible risks or at least minimize their impacts. Strategy Map and Balanced Scorecard At this point, it is necessary for us to illustrate the future goals of Target Corporation by means of this strategy map. They are closely connected to the company’s intention to open new stores in Canada. They are as follows: Financial Perspective To increase the profitability of the Canadian department stores acquired by Target by 10 percent at the end of 2012. To increase the sales volumes of these stores by 5 percent at the end of 2012 To reduce the operational expenses by 5 percent at the end of 2012. Measurement Overall, the management of this company should take measurements on a quarterly basis. They need to focus on three criteria sales rates, net income, and operational expenses of those Canadian stores that merged with the company. Such approach will enable them to track their progress. Customer Perspective To make sure that the company is viewed by Canadian customers as company that values corporate social responsibility. To develop methods of attracting new customers, for example, by improving the quality of services. Measurement The company can adopt several research methods to evaluate and measure Canadian clients’ perceptions. For example, they can conduct online surveys prompting the customers to assess Target in terms of their prices or service quality. The results of these customer surveys will be the milestones showing where these customers have a favorable opinion about the company. Internal perspective To reduce the stock out rate to a minimum To establish more close alliances with a variety of Canadian supplier. Measurement The management can evaluate this aspect of performance by counting the number of stork-out within a month. These measurements must be taken each month, and they will serve as the key milestones for the management. The second objective can be measured by the number of business partners that Targe t has in Canada. Learning Perspective and growth To make sure that the best practices are quickly dissimilated and adopted across the company To improve the skills of every employee by offering training programs to the personnel. Measurement The management can evaluate learning and growth in Canadian stores by measuring the amount of time it takes different department stores to assimilate the best practices of the Company. These measurements must be taken each month, and they will serve as the key milestones for the management. Furthermore, the management should conduct assessment of employee’s performance every month. The first aspect that has been identified in the strategy map is financial perspective. At this point, the main objective is to reduce the operations costs and increase sales by five percent in Canadian stores. This goal can be achieved by offering products to people of various incomes. Secondly, the management can achieve this goal by optimizing the supply c hain.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Risk Assessment and Contingency Plans specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The second aspect, which can be equally important to Target Corporation is the customer perspective. As it has been said, the company must demonstrate that they really act as a responsible corporate citizen that will benefit Canadian customers. They can attain this objective in several ways. First, the management must eliminate labor law violations in the workplace. Such controversial incidents can really damage the reputation of this organization and prevent it from expanding in the United States or Canada. Secondly, they can do it by retaining the employees of former companies such as Zellers Inc. Thirdly, one should not overlook internal process perspective. The main objectives are to minimize stock out rates and establish partnerships with Canadian suppliers. The stock out time can be minimiz ed by using more accurate demand-forecasting methods. Finally, the management should foster learning and growth in the organization. This perspective is probably also vital for the success of Target Corporation. The key task is to make sure that ideas and best practices are quickly disseminated across the company. They need to work on the improvement of worker’s skills. This is why they should offer training programs to the members of the staff. Finally, the company needs to offer stimulus to well-performing and talented employees. For example, they can give monthly awards the best employees. Later, the management should track their performance on a monthly basis. This assessment will show whether these bonuses and training programs contribute to better performance. These are the strategies that Target should pursue in order to achieve success in Canada. Works Cited Greenberg, Warren. The Health Care Marketplace. London: Beard Books, 2002. Print. Rowley, Laura. On Target: How the World’s Hottest Retailer Hit a Bull’s-Eye. NY: John Wiley Sons, 2004. Print.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The Executive Office of Labor and Workforce Development. â€Å"Ricardo Vazquez v. Target Corporation†. 2009. Web. Retrieved from https://www.mass.gov/decision/ricardo-vazquez-v-target-corporation Footnotes 1 the Executive Office of Labor and Workforce Development. This research paper on Risk Assessment and Contingency Plans was written and submitted by user Phasma to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

20 Cause and Effect Essay Topics Top Issues Related to Chinese Students’ Discrimination in the US

20 Cause and Effect Essay Topics Top Issues Related to Chinese Students’ Discrimination in the US New students who come to America either for a full scholarship or even a partial study abroad program face many forms of discrimination in the classroom and outside the classroom. Below are some topics on the subject matter to help you select a cause and effect essay topic for your next assignment: How Some Chinese Students Who Do Not Read or Write in English at Fluent Levels Are Unable to Properly Understand Any Forms They Are Required to Fill out, often Resulting in Misunderstandings about Things such as School Policy or Legal Matters How Chinese Students Do Not Receive Interpreters and May Be at a Disadvantage in terms of Medicinal Treatment They Need while Attending School in the United States How Chinese Students Face Barriers in Their Belief System How Chinese Students Might Find It Difficult to Find the Medical Attention They Require How Chinese Students Are Mocked by Other Subgroups in the Classroom Racial Slurs and Racial Discrimination Chinese Students Face in and out of the Classroom Discrimination against Chinese Students in the Food Available through Student Food Programs and on Campus Discrimination against Chinese Students in the Sports and Athletic Options Available to Students, such as Football and Soccer but Not Thai Chi or Kickboxing or Yoga Discrimination against Chinese Students in the Form of Ignorant Comments and Questions Discrimination against Chinese Students by the Government or Authority Figures Who May be Suspicious That the Student Is Conducting Cyber Warfare Discrimination against Chinese Students after They Complete Their Education, by Not Allowing Them to Get Jobs in and Remain in the United States, Forcing Them to Return Home with All of the Knowledge They Learned for Free in America Discrimination against Chinese Students in terms of Housing, Whereby Many Are Placed with Other Study-Abroad or International Students, often from Conflicting Cultures as a Way to Force Immersion How Chinese Students Face Social Differences without Any Guide of Proper Behaviors, Turns of Phrase, and Demeanors in America How Chinese Students Might Be Unaware of Proper Greetings or How to Use Body Language and Physical Contact How Chinese the Fact that Students Might Not Understand Colloquialisms and Proper English Taught in Schools May Be Grounds for Mocking How Chinese Students May Be Limited in Their Transportation Abilities How Chinese Students Face Discrimination in terms of The Classes They Can Take, often Only Allowed to Select from a Predetermined List for International Students How Chinese Students Face Discrimination by Teachers and Administrators Who May Have Cultural Conflicts. How Chinese Students Face Discrimination by Military Personnel Who May Be Biased because of the Cyber Warfare with China How Chinese Students Face Discrimination in terms of the Language and Terms Used by Culturally Centric People Which Might be Offensive to Someone of Chinese Background Sample Cause and Effect Essay on Cultural Barriers to Medicine Today, many students spend time abroad for their education. Whether a student is visiting for one semester or for many years, there are some forms of discrimination they might face which are not always as noticeable as things such as racial slurs but are just as trying and challenging for Chinese Students to overcome. One of these items is access to medicine. Many Chinese Students who are in America might find that at some point or another they require medical treatment. This might come in the form of an emergency treatment or in the form of simple healing herbs to stop a cold or cough. In such situations cultural and communication barriers can inhibit the student from getting the medical care they need, which is founded in discrimination against Eastern medicinal treatments. It is very difficult for Western medicine to accept the legitimacy of Eastern medicine, even if some treatments have scientific evidence behind them or are backed by insurance companies and the FDA. Communicating medical needs is one part of this discrimination. Not all medical facilities have the funding to supply full time interpreters in a variety of languages. In fact, most hospitals who are unable to afford such staff members will seek instead to hire employees for other roles such as that of nurse who can also speak another language. Then that person is called upon in the event that a patient needs a translator. However, the level of fluency here often fluctuates as there is no standard to which such translation skills are held, in addition to which most hospitals will only have employees who can interpret for the most common languages they have among their patients. Students from China who are studying abroad in the United States might become ill and need medicinal treatment while they are abroad, and without their parents, friends, or family, or even regular practitioner and medical records nearby, they might have problems communicating their needs and the doctors may ha ve similar problems communicating the treatments. Even with someone to interpret, something that would only be afforded if many Chinese migrants- for example- visited that medical facility, there are still many medical terms that might be unfamiliar. Another issue with communication is that of cultural barriers and not just linguistic ones. The student may have strong beliefs that do not align with some medicinal treatments, and may be unable to find a local Chinese practitioner who can provide them with the herbs or other Eastern medicinal treatments preferred such as cupping. While a Chinese Students might prefer a simple herbal tea, the western practitioner who is assigned- often by the school- to offer treatment may only be authorized to provide antibiotics or other pill treatments which the student may not want or need. With each of these, there is a need to help mitigate the discrimination faced by Chinese Students. This starts with recognizing that each culture is different and that students from all over the world may require different treatments. But it also requires people not to look at others through the lens of their own culture. References: Bourne, Peter G. The Chinese student- acculturation and mental illness.Psychiatry  38.3 (1975): 269-277. Goto, Sharon G., Gilbert C. Gee, and David T. Takeuchi. Strangers still? The experience of discrimination among Chinese Americans.  Journal of Community Psychology  30.2 (2002): 211-224. Hanassab, Shideh. Diversity, international students, and perceived discrimination: Implications for educators and counselors.  Journal of Studies in International Education  10.2 (2006): 157-172. Lyman, Stanford M. Chinese Americans. (1974). McClain, Charles J.  In search of equality: the Chinese struggle against discrimination in nineteenth-century America. Univ of California Press, 1994. Rosenbloom, Susan Rakosi, and Niobe Way. Experiences of discrimination among African American, Asian American, and Latino adolescents in an urban high school.  Youth Society  35.4 (2004): 420-451. Spencer, Michael S., and Juan Chen. Effect of discrimination on mental health service utilization among Chinese Americans.  American Journal of Public Health  94.5 (2004): 809-814.

Analysis of Business Operations Shuzworld Inc Term Paper

Analysis of Business Operations Shuzworld Inc - Term Paper Example The three options that are available to Shuzworld are as follows: Buy new equipment for the Shanghai facility; Recondition the existing equipment at the Shanghai facility, or Outsource production to a vendor in China. The purchasing of the new equipment will definitely cost the companies a lot but that will have its own benefits in terms of its long-term usage and reliability, which is the main concern of many of the companies. The second option to use reconditioned equipment is another source through which the companies can start their business in a new location or in their headquarters. The reconditioned equipment will be available from the market at a lower cost and will give the start-up companies or the emerging companies an opportunity to start work with the lesser amount of investment. The companies will be able to follow the cost-effective measures that they have thought about and then will be able to work on the other tasks after the first task of cost management has been ef fectively done as the reconditioned equipment will be cheaper in rate. However, there will be one issue of the reliability of the machines, as they might need repairs often. This may be a major problem for an emerging company who might not have a backup plan if the main machinery gets damaged. This may cause Shuzworld to cease the production process as well. The third option in terms of using the equipment is related to outsourcing the work and operations to another contractor company. This will ease the management in a way that they will need labor that will handle operations in the work field as that responsibility will now be sole of the contractor company. The main disadvantage of using this option is that the companies might pay more for the products that they could produce themselves at their own plants at lesser costs. The decision on which option to choose will also depend on the current and forecast demand for Samba Sneakers. The buy and recondition options both have fixed cost but comparatively lower variable cost than the outsourcing option. The choice will depend on the number of Samba sneakers that Shuzworld expects to produce. Sensitivity analysis can be used to inform the decision. Sensitivity analysis is a technique that is used to determine ‘how the variation in the output of a model can be apportioned to different sources of variation’ and how a given model will be influenced by information fed into it.  

Are you a regular smoker Within the context of your own experiences, Research Paper

Are you a regular smoker Within the context of your own experiences, discuss why anti-smoking campaigns have been largely ineff - Research Paper Example However, these strategies remain ineffective since teenagers continue to smoke irrespective of the numerous antismoking campaigns. Additionally, teenagers continue to be influenced to start smoking through marketing strategies used by tobacco industry. There are several reasons why antismoking advertisements remain ineffective in curbing teen smoking. This paper focuses on these reasons. The paper will entail use of introspection, data collection, and analysis and make recommendations on how the advertisements could be improved. Overview of the Topic Although, I am not a smoker, I have several young friends who started smoking at very young stages. Additionally, I have always had great concern on why anti-smoking campaigns have not eliminated teen smoking. Most young people engage in smoking at a very tender age. Some end up becoming addicted, which makes them vulnerable to the numerous smoking related diseases. To prevent addiction and such ailments, there have been several campaign s and funds set aside to curb smoking among the teenagers. This is because this is the stage at which quitting would be easier since continuous smoking leads to addiction making it hard for smokers to quit. From as early as in the 1960’s, several antismoking advertisements were adopted. ... In other cases, the government uses funds to finance airing of information aimed at alerting young people of the dangers of smoking. Although there has been great focus on antismoking campaigns through different media, several young people continue smoking. Moreover, there is no evidence to show that any campaigns convince the teens to quit smoking. Some studies show that the campaigns are ineffective and could have at times encouraged the young people to smoke. Some of these campaigns are conducted by the tobacco industry itself. It is illogical how a company manufacturing a product would be able to convince the users that the product is dangerous. Therefore, most of the advertisements are just a protocol used by the tobacco industry to convince the policy makers that the industry is following the regulations (Wakefield, Flay and Giovino 233-237). Additionally, cigarettes are sold at extremely low prices, which make them affordable to the teens wanting to experiment. Introspection a nd Data Collection Whenever I listen or watch anti-smoking advertisement, the first thing I try to figure out is the persons behind the advertisement. In case the advertisement is designed by the tobacco industry, I always ask myself how someone would make a product and then try to convince the users not to use the product. This makes me think that the campaigns could be untruthful and carried out ineffectively since they condemn the use of a product that they manufacture and export greatly for the benefit of the nation. Another aspect that makes me to consider the antismoking campaigns unbelievable is their nature. Most used antismoking campaign strategy is advertisements. The advertisements appear unrealistic to me. The

Film Noir Elements In The Movie Memento Film Studies Essay

Film Noir Elements In The Movie Memento Film Studies Essay There is yet to be a definition to be created to accurately capture the genre of Noir in film. The concept was first coined by French film critics who noticed the trend of how dark, downbeat and black the looks and themes were of many American crime and detective films released in France to theatres following the war(Film Noir). The term noir is a French word which literally means black or dark. The connotation attached to the term later on came to be those films which depicted crime, strangeness, cruelty, brutality, violence and similar other attributes. The period for Noir films flourished in the 1940s up to the 1950s, which were aptly called the classic noir period in movies. Later on, from the 1960s up to the current times, other types of noir films were conceptualized like the neo-noir and the science fiction noir, all concepts of which were derived from or echoed the original classic noir genus. Memento is one movie which typifies the film noir genre in that it has numerous elements which categorically makes it as one. Primarily, the existence of a lonely, confused and troubled protagonist (Schoenherr) is there. Add to this the other elements like the black-and-white scenes, the struggle, the seemingly bleak situations, the crimes perpetrated, the underground investigations, the voice-overs of the lead character, evil, paranoia and deception among other things. An interesting feature of this film though is the story unfolding from its end going up to the supposed initial scenes which took place. It is not narrated exactly in a circular motion but rather they are presented in chunks of about 10 minutes each. Aside from this, there is the alternate presentation of the colored and black-and-white formats to add narration and further expound on the sequence of events. Film noir operates on specific social, cultural and historical contexts. In this particular film, the social context used is that of the protagonist becoming a different man after the rape and murder of his wife. Leonard or Lenny loses his memory after he shoots his wifes rapist and he is shoved and clubbed by the rapists companion. His head hits the bathroom mirror, and from then on, he becomes afflicted with Anterograde Amnesia or not being able to retain his short-term memory. Lennys memories before the accident are intact and his last memories are of his wife being murdered, hence, his ever- enduring quest to avenge her death. Most people now think of Lenny as a freak for not being able to remember thoughts, names, faces and events which are a regular part of the memory of normal people since he forgets his thoughts and the things he does after 15 minutes or so. However, Lenny struggles to keep his sanity by taking Polaroid pictures and immediately labeling them, writing down his ideas, and tattooing the more important thoughts on his body. Having no family to call his own, he lives in a motel room and is suspicious of everyone. His lifes direction is motivated by vengeance and a major part of the film is spent on this desire to kill. The cultural context of the film is the type of culture that was used in the movie. The setting is sometime during the 2000s in Nevada. It is not shown if the protagonist had a lot of friends before the incident which led to his condition, but it is presumed that it was probably a case of not wanting to be identified with someone with a stigma of mental illness. The only friend who was identified as someone who knew Lenny immediately after the accident was Teddy, who was the one who helped Lenny to find and kill the original murderer of his wife, and then again Jimmy G. who was also killed by Lenny. As such, it meant that the culture held a discriminating attitude towards this mental illness. Pertaining to historical context, the practice of tattooing as a body art was prevalent from the late 1990s up to the 2000s. This was a period when tattooing was no longer considered as objects of diversion done in prison cells but rather as an art form to express oneself. In the movie, the lead character made use of tattoos on his body to remind himself of essential facts/details which he always wanted to be reminded of. Although not used as an art form, the existence of tattoo parlors in the locality denoted an acceptance of the practice of self-expression, which worked quite well for Lenny. It was also a time when Polaroids were popularly used and Leonard fully exhausted the Polaroids capability to assist him in remembering people and places with his depressing mental condition. According to Filmsite.org, the primary moods of classic film noir were melancholy, alienation, bleakness, disillusionment, disenchantment, pessimism, ambiguity, moral corruption, evil, guilt, desperation and paranoia (Film Noir). These themes are evident in the seclusion, isolation and omnipresent monologues of the lead character who wanted to establish the links to find meaning in his life. A wide array of emotions ranging from suspicion, confusion, naivete, loneliness, alienation, hatred, and bewilderment among others were efficiently delivered by the lead actor to the viewers who empathized with him in his daily struggle to survive. Noir movies characteristically have a protagonist who is usually reclusive, generally disturbed and commonly pessimistic. The lead character in Memento is not the typical protagonist since he lives his life everyday like a clean new slate. Just like the first part of this movie where a Polaroid picture was being undeveloped, Lenny lived his life always careworn to find out what he had been doing and what he should be doing next. His ultimate aim was to find his wifes killer, a task which Teddy assists him with. Although he is somewhat of the withdrawn type, Lenny is still enthusiastic about life and is confident that his Polaroids, notes and tattoos are taking him somewhere. Different noir styles were also apparent throughout the film. One is that storylines were often elliptical, non-linear and twisting (Film Noir) which connotes the unique presentation customarily associated with noir. Regular films are often presented in a manner where the story unfolds conventionally from beginning to end. The story told backwards and in bits and pieces was a unique way of entrancing the audience into being an active participant in the life of Leonard, trying to come up with his/her own conclusions or links to previous scenes and events. Amnesia suffered by the protagonist was a common plot device (Film Noir) which was obviously the illness which the lead character was afflicted with. This sort of justified the way with which Lenny killed the possible murderers without remorse or guilt since his brain was devoid of any emotions relating to pity and mercy. Furthermore, it is said that the protagonists in film noir were normally driven by their past or by human weaknes s to repeat former mistakes(Film Noir) which is what happens to Lenny as the film unfolds. It is only later in the movie that it is revealed that Lenny had already killed his wifes murderer, and Teddy had even taken a Polaroid shot of him after the said killing. It was due to his mental condition that Lenny was not able to remember the incident which Teddy later used to his advantage in getting rid of Jimmy G. who was a drug dealer. The original story of Memento was an idea brought forward by the brother of the movies director, Jonathan Nolan in the late 1990s. The storyline was finished after several months and director Christopher Nolan came up with the idea that he wanted to tell the movie backwards, hence the screenplay was manipulated in a way where shot sequences were cut up into small bits. In between the colored takes were the non-colored shots to denote two timelines of what was the past and the present respectively. At some point towards the end of the movie, the black-and-white scene becomes colored specifically when Lenny takes the Polaroid picture of the dead Jimmy G, who was the second murder suspect endorsed by Teddy. This signified the beginning of a new chapter in the life of Leonard, and the true commencement of the story which somehow tragically ends with the death of its instigator, Teddy. The artistry presented in the film being of a different genre is as previously mentioned largely seen in the storys presentation to the viewer. The lead actor was also shown in black-and-white scenes and colored ones which showed contrasting characters one, the rugged, unshaven, unkempt, menacing and confused character who shoots the gun at Jimmy G. in black-and-white, and the other, the suit-clad formally dressed and more confident Lenny who drives a Jaguar in colored film. This implies that the main character had good and bad traits, although the bad traits were more emphasized but later exposed to be manipulations done by some of the other characters in the plot. One of these characters is Natalie who represents the femme fatale element in the movie, and who adds further intricacies to the plot and manipulates Lenny into a mental tug-of-war with Teddys statements. The cinematography of the film was excellent as emphasis was done where it was necessary, and accurate illumination was also appropriately achieved. Editing was also good especially in the cuts of the film that had to be fed in several lumps, and in two different formats of color and BW. Continuity in the film was smooth and flowed effortlessly. The film scoring was suitable and elicited empathy from the viewer in the scenes where dialogues were not really necessary. The closest thing to special effects in the film was the way that the first sequence was presented to the viewer where the Polaroid shot was being undeveloped instead of the other way around. It goes back up to the time Lenny shoots Teddy and the latter was screaming for his life. Acting in the film was superb. Guy Pearce as Leonard was able to deliver all the emotions expected from him and thus elicited the required compassion from the viewer. Teddy, Natalie, Sammy Jankins and all the other actors also did a good job in making the plot more focused on the plight of the main character, thereby allowing Lenny to stand out. The movie Memento has some allusions to significant theories and concepts. One of these is the concept of Cultural Materialism. The most active proponent of Cultural Materialism is Marvin Harris and the premise of this theory is that the social life of a human being is a direct response to problems arising from his earthly existence. Leonards actions can be rationalized as a practice of cultural materialism because he is merely responding to his problems instead of taking a proactive role in it. This is due in large part to his illness which he cannot control and which allows him to be manipulated by some shady characters in the film. Existentialism is another concept which is apparent in this movie. The plot evolves around the lead character, Leonard, who tries to find meaning in his existence as he grapples with his affliction rendering him confused and stressed at most times. He tries hard to think and look back but cannot, and this is what leads him to try to devise ways in which he could remember things, events, places and people who have somehow played an important role in his life, after the accident which claimed his short-term memory. Lastly, there is the hint of self-determination as seen in the main character as he tries his best to make decisions without the influence of others. Unfortunately, he was not aware of the subtle approach which was used by the movies disreputable characters who were always one step ahead of him in his plans. Still, it was revealed near the movies end that Lenny was also utilizing his selective memory to manipulate the situation in such a way as to be able to create and continually re-create his motives for vengeance. Since finding the possible suspects to his wifes murder was the only impetus which kept him alive, it was a need he had to satiate, and hence, an inspiration which kept him continually in pursuit of.

Southwest Airlines :: essays research papers

Southwest Airlines 1.)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Many changes have occurred and are occurring in the airline industry, which pose a potential threat to Southwest Airlines. The airline industry has traditionally had many airlines receive annual loses on their income statements. This trend is still continuing today as many airlines stand in financial trouble. Some of these financial troubles arise from changes brought upon them from the ever-changing governmental regulations. The most recent change in governmental regulations that will have the largest effect on Southwest Airlines is the change in the federal ticket tax in 1997 on flight routes that are one thousand plus miles. This new tax system replaces a percentage tax with a tax that includes a flat segment fee that will cause conflict with the low-fare carriers. This is causing Southwest to make some changes in their strategy, which will cause them to lose some of their cost advantage. Their largest cost advantage over their current rivals is in the fligh ts, which are five hundred miles (59% cost advantage). Their cost advantage is much smaller for the larger flights, which are one thousand five hundred miles (35% cost advantage). This already has caused Southwest to change their strategy by making their nonstop flights longer with over 16% of their flights longer than one thousand miles.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Another threat that Southwest Airlines is facing is the mimicry by other airlines. Other airlines are copying Southwest’s strategy in order to enter the low-fare, short-haul market. Delta Airlines has built a low-fare regional carrier service and has acquired a minority stake in three regional airlines. United Airlines is also making a serious entry into the same market. United is doing this with United Express, which will feed passengers from regional carriers into the United system, and United Shuttle, which provides over 450 short-haul flights in the western states.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The opportunity for expansion is limitless for Southwest Airlines.

Financial Ratios and Hershey

A. TWO KEY LESSONS LEARNT FROM THIS CASE Hershey Company is famous known for being the biggest manufacturer of chocolates and confectionery products in North America and grocery products in over 60 countries worldwide. In 2009, Hershey sales up to 3. 23 percent. Advertising expenses increased by 46 percent as the company continued to promote iconic brands such as the Hershey Kiss and Reese’s products. Due to lower commodity prices, the company plans to discontinue their Cacao Reserve brand as well as their Starbucks chocolate partnership. The company also plans to close their online gift business.The company expanded its global presence via joint ventures in china and India. From this case, we found two key lessons as following: (a) The first lesson is about the important of expanding to global market (b) The second lesson is about the importance for the firm to keep developing customer preferences. It is important for company to focus on how to formulate global product strate gy to penetrate growing international markets. Therefore, Hershey should come up with new strategies in finance, marketing and production department to complete globally and to increase the customer satisfaction and market share.B. Vision Statement Since we could not find a vision statement of Hershey company then we suggest a vision as below: â€Å"Achieving consumers needs which making chocolate more healthy, delicious and delightful for life† From our opinion, this vision is clear in term of to help the company to see where the company is going on in the future which the company more concern about customer need and offer the product of natural and organic chocolate for health. According to researchers led by Natalie Rose, MD, of the University of California at San Diego.The result suggests several possible relationships between eating chocolate and wellness, it helps to increase the level of specific neurotransmitters in our brain that in turn promotes feeling of happiness and help to raise the good hormone that act as an ati-depressant. Therefore, It captures the importance not only for healthy but also the happiness of eating chocolate. C. Mission Statement The current mission of the Hershey company is â€Å"Bringing sweet moments of Hershey happiness to the world everyday† To our stakeholders, this means: Consumer: Delivering quality consumer driven confectionery experiences for all occasions. * Employees: Winning with an aligned and empowered organization while having fun. * Business Partner: Building collaborative relationships for profitable growth with our customers, suppliers, and partners. * Shareholder: Creating sustainable value. * Communities: Honoring our heritage through continued commitment to making a positive difference. The current mission consists of the following characteristics: 1. Customer 2. Concern for survival, profitability, growth 3. Philosophy 4. Self-concept 5.Concern for public image 6. Concern for employees Missi on statement is often the most visible and public part of the strategic management process. The current mission is sufficient to remind the company on their attitude and outlook. However, it is important to include the nine characteristic, as mission statement would be more effective. From our analysis, the current mission lacks of another three characteristics, which are products, market, and technology. These four characteristics are important for the company in the long-term development. Thus, we think that the current mission can be improved as follows: Bringing sweet moments of chocolate Hershey happiness to the world every day† To stakeholders, this means: Consumer: Delivering quality consumer with the lastest technology to drive experiences for all occasions. Employee: Winning with an aligned and empowered organization while having fun. Business Partners: Building collaborative relationships for profitable growth with our customers, suppliers, and partners in the intern ational market. Shareholders: Creating sustainable value. Communities: Honoring our heritage through continued commitment to making a positive difference.D. External Audit Opportunities 1. Organic foods products are one of the fastest growing sectors in the United States with a projected value of $26. 3 billion by 2011. 2. Seasonal sales such as Halloween and Valentine's Day account for 10 percent of the annual sales in the industry. 3. Nestle's image, however, has suffered within the global community due to allegations about sourcing of cocoa from farms that employed children in Africa, as well as its marketing tactics used to promote its infant milk substitutes in developing nations. 4.Consumers are increasingly aware of the nutritional value of various product ingredients with purchase decisions reflecting a preference for organic and nonadulterated products. 5. Confectionery products include chocolate, gum, cereal bars, and sugar confectionery products with a projected global ma rket value of $107. 4 billion by 2010. 6. Chocolate currently accounts for 55. 8 percent of the market's overall global value. Threats 1. Mergers and acquisitions in the past few years have influenced both the market share and product portfolio of global firms in the confectionery industry. 2.Nestle, one of the global leaders in the industry, expanded its nutritional product with the acquisition of Jenny Craig, a company with an established brand of nutritional weight-management products. 3. Nestle recently entered the organic products segment with projected sales of $24 billion by 2010. 4. Due to increased consumer concerns about artificial ingredients, the company [Cadbury] also manufactures a line of products with no artificial colors or artificial flavorings under the Natural Confectionery Company. 5. Cadbury has a 71 percent market share in India, and enjoys a 53 percent market share in the chocolate category in Australia. . Due to increased consumer preference for low fat and organic products, Mars Nutrition and Health Well Being has also developed a line of low-fat products and healthy snacks. 7. Some research analysts expect that international wholesale sugar prices may reach 40 cents a pound. 8. Cocoa future contract prices in 2008 ranged from $0. 86 to $1. 50 per pound, which represented a significant increase from 2007 prices. CPM – Competitive Profile Matrix * Estimates for Hershey focused on similar product lines with Nestle, Cadbury and Mars The Competitive Profile Matrix (CPM)Critical success factors| Weight| Hershey| Nestle| Cadbury| Mars| | | Rating| Score| Rating| Score| Rating| Score| Rating| Score| Global Expansion| 0. 2| 4| 0. 8| 4| 0. 8| 3| 0. 6| 3| 0. 6| Financial Position| 0. 10| 2| 0. 2| 4| 0. 4| 3| 0. 3| 2| 0. 2| Advertising ;amp;Marketing| 0. 15| 4| 0. 6| 2| 0. 3| 3| 0. 45| 3| 0. 45| Customer Loyalty| 0. 1| 2| 0. 2| 3| 0. 3| 3| 0. 3| 3| 0. 3| Market share| 0. 15| 3| 0. 45| 4| 0. 6| 4| 0. 6| 2| 0. 3| Product Quality| 0. 12| 4| 0. 36| 2| 0. 24| 3| 0. 36| 3| 0. 36| Price Competitiveness| 0. 10| 3| 0. 30| 3| 0. 30| 4| 0. 40| 3| 0. 0| Management| 0. 08| 2| 0. 16| 4| 0. 32| 2| 0. 16| 3| 0. 24| Total| 1. 0| 3. 07| 3. 26| 3. 17| 2. 75| The Competitive Profile Matrix (CPM) show that weighted score of Hershey, Nestle, Cadbury and Mars. Nestle has got total weighted scores is 3. 26 which is highest score and Hershey is the third scores, less than Nestle and Cadbury. The CPM indicates that Hershey is the strongest in terms of Product Quality and Advertising ;amp;Marketing. This means if Hershey is to be competitive, it has to focus on global expansion and market share. The External Factor Evaluation (IFE) MatrixKEY INTERNAL FACTOR| WEIGHT| RATING| WEIGHTED SCORE| OPPORTUNITIES| | Organic foods products are one of the fastest growing sectors in the United States| 0. 1| 4| 0. 4| Seasonal sales account for 10 percent of the annual sales in the industry| 0. 05| 3| 0. 15| Nestle’s image has suffered from farms tha t employed children in Africa| 0. 04| 4| 0. 16| Consumers are increasingly aware of the nutritional value of various product| 0. 07| 3| 0. 21| Confectionery products projected global market value of $107. 4 billion by 2010| 0. 09| 4| 0. 36| Chocolate currently accounts for 55. percent of the market’s overall global value| 0. 08| 4| 0. 32| Sub-total for Opportunities| 1. 00| | 1. 60| THREAT| WEIGHT| RATING| WEIGHTED SCORE| Mergers and acquisitions have influenced both the both the market share and product portfolio of global firms| 0. 01| 3| 0. 3| Nestle expanded nutritional product| 0. 08| 2| 0. 16| Nestle entered the organic products segment| 0. 08| 2| 0. 16| Cadbury manufactures a line of products with no artificial colors or artificial flavorings| 0. 07| 3| 0. 21| Cadbury has a 71 percent market share in India, and enjoys a 53 percent market share in chocolate category inAustralia| 0. 06| 2| 0. 12| Mars Nutrition and Health Well Being has developed a line of low-fat produc ts and healthy snacks| 0. 07| 4| 0. 28| International wholesale sugar prices may reach 40 cents a pound| 0. 06| 4| 0. 24| Cocoa future contract prices in 2008 ranged from $0. 86 to $1. 50 per pound| 0. 05| 4| 0. 20| Sub-total for Threats| 1. 00| | 1. 67| Total| 1. 00| | 3. 27| The EFE matrix reveals that score for Opportunities versus score for Threats. Hershey’s total weighted scores is more than average which is at 3. 27.This indicates that Hershey is responding strongly above average to the existing opportunities and threats. In other words, the company’s current strategies are able to gain advantage of the existing opportunities and minimize the potential effects of external threats. E. Internal Audit Strengths 1. The Hershey and Godrej venture will distribute Hershey products via Godrej's distribution network to over 1. 6 million outlets in India. 2. Advertising expenses for the quarter increased by 46 percent as the company continued to promote iconic brands such as the Hershey Kiss and Reese's products. 3.The company relies on special promotions to increase holiday sales, and it also uses advertising programs to supplement seasonal sales. 4. During the past several years, the company has expanded its global presence through a variety of acquisitions and joint ventures with established firms in the international market. 5. Hershey also has special editions products that are themed with events, such as their Dark Knight Collection (milk chocolate peanut butter bats) created for the release of the movie Dark Knight. The company also encourages customers to personalize messages and gifts via its interactive home page. . Due to increased consumer preferences for healthy and organic products, the company portfolio of healthy snacks has expanded to include Payday Pro energy bars and sugar-free products such as Twizzlers. 7. Hershey, as well as other competitors in the industry, is acquiring nonchocolate products as well as nutritional products to complement its existing products. 8. Hershey products are sold to more than 2 million retail outlets, including wholesale distributors, chain grocery stores, convenience stores, and wholesale clubs as well as natural food stores. 9.Direct research on consumer preferences as well as process innovations are supported via the Hershey Center of Health and Nutrition developed in 2007. 10. Operating Profit Margin: 14%(2008) 15%(2009) Weaknesses 1. The company also plans to close their online gift business, which featured seasonal products and gifts that could be personalized by the consumer. 2. Due to global supply initiatives, the company projects a reduction of 1,500 positions over the next three-year period. 3. The company plans to discontinue their Cacao Reserve brand as well as their Starbucks chocolate partnership. 4.Hershey's iconic brands such as Hershey Bar, Hershey Kisses, and Reese's are instantly recognized within the domestic market. 5. The company’s long-term debt in creased from $1,279,965 in20O7 to 1,505,954 in 2008. The Internal Factor Evaluation (IFE) Matrix KEY INTERNAL FACTOR| WEIGHT| RATING| WEIGHTED SCORE| STRENGTHS| | The company will distribute Hershey products via Godrej’s distribution network in India| 0. 06| 3| 0. 18| Advertising expenses for promote iconic brands| 0. 09| 4| 0. 36| The company relies on special promotions| 0. 07| 3| 0. 21| The company has expanded its global presence| 0. 8| 3| 0. 24| Hershey has special editions products that are themed with events| 0. 06| 2| 0. 12| The company portfolio of healthy snacks has expanded to include Payday Pro energy bars and sugar-free products| 0. 08| 4| 0. 32| Acquiring nonchocolate and nutritional products| 0. 09| 4| 0. 36| Hershey products are sold to more than 2 million retail outlets| 0. 07| 3| 0. 21| Direct research on consumer preferences and process innovations are supported by the Hershey Center of Health and Nutrition developed| 0. 06| 3| 0. 18| Operating Profit Margi n: 14% (2008) 15% (2009)| 0. 6| 3| 0. 18| Sub-total for strengths| 1. 00| | 2. 36| WEAKNESSES| WEIGHT| RATING| WEIGHTED SCORE| The company plans to close their online gift business| 0. 06| 2| 0. 12| The company projects a reduction of 1,500 positions over the next three years| 0. 05| 2| 0. 12| The company plans to discontinue Cacao Reserve brand Starbucks chocolate partnership| 0. 06| 3| 0. 18| Hershey’s iconic brands are instantly recognized within the domestic market. | 0. 06| 3| 0. 18| The company’s long-term debt increased| 0. 05| 2| 0. 10| Sub-total for weaknesses| 1. 00| | 0. 68| Total| 1. 00| | 3. 4| Based on the IFE evaluation shows that score for Strengths versus score for Weaknesses. Total weighted scores for Hershey is 3. 04 considered as above average which is indicates that the company’s internal position is strong. Financial Ratio Analysis (2008) Growth Rates % (5-Year Annual Avg. )| ABC Company| Sales | 16. 22%| Net Income (5-Year Annual Avg. )| 4 5. 81%| Dividends (5-Year Annual Avg. )| 41. 27%| Profit Margins| | Gross Margin| 34%| Pre-Tax Margin| 11%| Net Profit Margin| 6%| 5Yr Net Profit Margin (5-Year Avg. )| 8. 97%| Financial Condition| | Debt/Equity Ratio| 10. 42|Current Ratio| 1. 06| Quick Ratio| 0. 59| Investment Returns %| | Return On Equity| 98%| Return On Assets| 9%| Return On Equity (5-Year Avg. )| 62. 95%| Return On Assets (5-Year Avg. )| 10. 72%| Management Efficiency| | Income/Employee| 24. 33| Revenue/Employee| 400. 99| Inventory Turnover| 8. 66| Asset Turnover| 1. 41| NET WORTH ANALYSIS OF AVP (2008 IN MILLION)| | | | | | | | | | Growth ratios:| Growth rate = [(current year – base year) / base year] * 100| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Percentage| | | 2009 Growth rate in sales| | 3. 23| | | 2008| | | | | 3. 76| | | 2007| | | | | 0. 5| | | 2008 Growth rate in net income| | | 45. 41| | Stockholders' Equity + Goodwill  | $ 872,876| Net Income * 5|   |   |   | $ 1,557,025| Share price * Net Income| 34. 74 * 311,405 = 10,818,210| Number of Shares Outstanding * Share Price| 227,035 * 34. 74 = 7,887,196| Method Average|   |   |   | 5,283,826. 70| FINANCIAL ANALYSIS The financial analysis for Hershey will be provided giving by liquidity ratios, leverage ratios, activity ratios, and profitability ratios as following. PROFITABILITY RATIOS From an accounting standpoint, profitability is defined as business gain in an activity.The measures used in this section detail how profitable the firm’s operations are and how well the firm generates a return on capital. The ratios for profitability analysis are return on assets, sales margin, return on equity, and the dividend payout ratio. Return on Assets: Return on assets (ROA) measures a company’s efficiency in generating profits from its available assets. This is calculated by dividing net income by total assets. An increasing ratio indicates higher efficiency. Hershey’s ROA improved from 5% in 2007 to 9% in 2008 indicating that Hershey became more efficient over the 2008 fiscal year.Return on Equity: The return on equity (ROE) is a measure of how well a company is able to return a profit using the shareholder’s investment. It is calculated by dividing net income by the shareholder’s equity. A higher number indicates a better return from shareholder’s investments. Hershey’s return on equity improved from 36% in 2007 to 98% in 2008, indicating a higher efficiency and better return from shareholder’s investment. Improvements were noted between 2007 and 2008 for Hershey’s ROA, ROE, Gross Profit Margin, Operating Profit Margin, Net Profit Margin and Earning Per Share were increased proportionally.LIQUIDITY RATIOS A company’s liquidity can be described by how easily a company can pay off short-term debts, in specific those due in the fiscal year. Current Ratio: The current ratio gives a strong measure of a company’s liquidity. It compares t he cash and cash equivalents plus any current assets that will be turned into cash within a year to current liabilities that must be paid within the year. This ratio indicates how well a company can pay its current debts. It is calculated by dividing current assets by current liabilities. Hershey’s current ratio improved from 0. 8 in 2007 to 1. 06 in 2008. Although this is an improvement, a ratio of 1 or better is desired in order to show the ability to pay of all current debts with current assets. Quick Ratio: The quick ratio is similar to the current ratio. Instead of using all current assets, the quick ratio only uses cash, market securities, and accounts receivables to compare against current liabilities. This is done to further narrow the assets to those that can more quickly be turn into cash. Hershey’s quick ratio improved from 0. 51 to 0. 59.Although an improvement can be seen, a more desirable ratio would be closer to 1 so that debts could be paid with current cash and cash equivalents. All measures of liquidity showed improvements for Hershey between 2007 and 2008. This is largely due to Hershey’s ability to generate a greater amount of operational cash flows between the two years. The improvement in current ratio and quick ratio shows an improved ability to pay off short term debts with current assets, which is also indicative that future payments of the long term debt will be possible. ACTIVITY RATIOSActivity in a firm is typically categorized as creation of product and moving product out the door for sales. Activity measures focus on these actions and evaluate how a firm uses its assets to generate revenues. If a company is able to utilize its assets efficiently, fewer funds from financing are needed. The ratios analyzed in this section are inventory turnover and asset turnover. Asset Turnover: Asset turnover takes an overall focus on how the company uses all of its assets to generate revenues. A higher number is desired becau se it indicates that each dollar of asset is producing a greater amount of revenue.It is calculated by dividing the company’s revenue by the total amount of assets for the current year. Hershey’s asset turnover ratio improved from 1. 16 in 2007 to 1. 41 in 2008. This shows that Hershey’s was more efficient in using its assets between evaluation periods. Inventory Turnover: Inventory turnover is a measure of how often within a year that inventory is sold and replaced. It is calculated by dividing cost of goods sold by inventory. A high ratio indicates efficiency and a high rate of sales. Hershey’s inventory turnover slightly improved from 8. 24 in 2007 to 8. 6 in 2008. Improvements were seen in inventory and asset turnover ratios. Hershey’s assets decreased in value while revenues increased, resulting in a more efficient use of assets. LEVERAGE RATIOS A company’s leverage defines how a company handles its debt. Companies that have a high leve rage can have difficulty paying back debts, securing new debts from creditors, and are usually higher risk. But, these companies can also attain tax advantages and gain large returns from investing. The ratios analyzed in this section include the debt ratio, debt to equity ratio and imes interest earned ratio. Debt Ratio: The debt ratio indicates how much debt a company has relative to its assets. This ratio is calculated by dividing total liabilities by total assets. This ratio is one of the components typically used by investors to determine the risk level of a company. A lower number is favored because it shows the company has a larger percentage of assets when compared to liabilities. Hershey’s debt ratio increased and deteriorated from 0. 762 in 2005 to 0. 836 in 2006. This is due to a decrease in company assets while liabilities increased.The increase in liabilities can be noted most in the long-term liabilities. This adds risk to Hershey’s from an investment sta ndpoint. Debt to Equity Ratio: The debt to equity ratio is a measure of what proportions of debt and equity are used in its financing. It is also a measure of a company’s financial leverage. The ratio is calculated by dividing total liabilities by stockholder’s equity. A lower number is favored because it indicates a higher amount of shareholder’s equity when compared to liabilities. Hershey’s debt to equity ratio increased and deteriorated from 6. 16 in 2007 to 10. 2 in 2008. This is largely a result in Hershey’s large decrease in shareholder’s equity. Times Interest Earned Ratio: The times interest earned ratio gives shows how well a company is able to pay its interest expenses with earnings before taxes. The number represents how many times over the interest expense can be paid with the earnings before interest. A higher number is favored. The ratio is calculated by dividing earning before interest and taxes (EBIT) by net interest expense . The times interest earned ratio for Hershey’s increase from 3. 87 in 2007 to 6. 03 in 2008.Hershey achieved many improvements in their financial ratios. Between 2005 and 2006, Hershey showed improvements in many areas. Their overall profitability improved. Liquidity also improved in all areas. This can be attributed to their ability to generate a greater amount of operational cash flows. Because of their increased liquidity, Hershey shows that they are in a better position to pay off their debts and is able to distribute their earnings to stockholders more readily. G. SPACE Matrix 2. 44, -1. 06 2. 44, -1. 06 6 5 4 3 2 1 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 6 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 CompetitiveIS ES CA FS Conservative Aggressive Defensive X 6 5 4 3 2 1 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 6 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 Competitive IS ES CA FS Conservative Aggressive Defensive X Financial Position (FP) Return on Investment ROE, ROA+4 Leverage+2 Earning Per Share+5 Inventory+3 Liquidity+4 Subtotal (FP) +18 Indu stry Position (IP) Growth potential+6 Extent leverage+5 Profit potent+5 Productivity+4 Subtotal (IP) +20 Competitive Position (CP) Market share -5 Product quality -1 Control over suppliers and distributers-2 Subtotal (CP) -8 Stability Position (SP) Barriers to entry into market-4Demand variability-6 Competitive pressure-6 Subtotal (SP) -14 x-axis = -2. 66 + 5= 2. 44 y-axis = -4. 66+ 3. 6= -1. 06 Based on this formula, it shows that The Hershey company x-axis is 2. 44 and y-axis is -1. 06. Therefore firm’s directional vector is located in the lower-right or competitive quadrant of the SPACE Matrix. In other word, The company has competitive advantages in a growing industry, The Hershey should pursue competitive strategies which include; backward, forward and horizontal integration; market penetration; market development and product evelopment. H. Grand Strategy Matrix Quadrant IV business have a strong competitive position but are in a slow-growth industry. Hershey has the str ength to launch diversified into more promising growth area such as India and China. The company also has characteristically high cash-flow levels and limited internal growth need as the result of 86% market share in America. I. Boston Consulting Group (BCG) Matrix BCG is a private management consulting firm base in Boston. The purpose of BCG Matrix is graphically shows the company’s position in terms of relative market share and industry growth.Hershey is in the Star quadrant because Hershey is leading in terms of market share in America and the growth rate sale is higher than zero for several years. As the result, the Star quadrant indicates that Hershey has good long-run opportunities for growth and profitability. To maintain this position Hershey need a substantial investment especially in global market and to strengthen its dominant position. Strategies that is best for Hershey includes market penetration, market development, product development, and forward, backward an d horizontal integration. J.The Internal-External (IE) Matrix | | | The IFE Total Weighted Score| | | | | | | | | | | | | | Strong| Average| Weak| | | | | | 3. 0 to 4. 0| 2. 0 to 2. 99| 1. 0 to 1. 99| | | | | High| IFE = 3. 04 IFE = 3. 04 I| II| III| | | | | EFE = 3. 27 EFE = 3. 27 3. 0 to 3. 99| | | | | | | | Medium| IV| V| VI| | | The EFE Total Weighted Score| 2. 0 to 2. 99| | | | | | | | Low| VII| VIII| IX| | | | | 1. 0 to 1. 99| | | | | | Key: | Grow and build| | Hold and maintain| | Harvest or diverstiture|The Internal – External (IE) Matrix The IE matrix is based on two key dimensions such as the IFE total weighted score and the EFE total weighted score. The total weighted scores allow construction of the corporate-level IE Matrix. The result from IE Matrix states that Hershey Company is appropriate for division 1 or can be described as grow and build. The most appropriate strategies for this division can be intensive market penetration, market development, and product development or company can also consider intensive backward integration, forward integration and horizontal integration.Based on the interpretation, suggest two best alternatives that the company could pursuit, then perform QSPM matrix. K. QSPM Strategic Alternatives| Key Internal Factors Weight| Alternative 1: Global Expansion| Alternative 2: Develop Organic Products| Strengths| AS | TAS| AS| TAS| 1. Distribute Hershey products via Godrej’s distribution network in India| 0. 06| 4| 0. 24| 2| 0. 18| 2. Advertising expenses for promote iconic brands. | 0. 09| 4| 0. 36| 3| 0. 27| 3. Relies on special promotions| 0. 07| 3| 0. 21| 2| 0. 14| 4.The company has expanded its global presence. | 0. 08| 4| 0. 32| 2| 0. 12| 5. Hershey has special editions product that are themed with events. | 0. 06| -| -| -| -| 6. The company portfolio of healthy snacks has expanded| 0. 08| 2| 0. 16| 4| 0. 32| 7. Acquiring non-chocolate and nutritional products| 0. 09| 2| 0. 18| 4| 0. 36| 8. Products are sold to more than 2 million retail outlets. | 0. 07| -| -| -| -| 9. Hershey Centre of Health supported research on consumer preferences and process innovations. | 0. 06| 2| 0. 12| 3| 0. 18| 10. Operating profit Margin: 14% (2008) 15% (2009)| 0. 6| -| -| -| -| Weaknesses| 1. Plans to close online gift business. | 0. 06| 3| 0. 18| 1| 0. 06| 2. The company projects a reduction of 1,500 positions. | 0. 05| 2| 0. 10| 1| 0. 05| 3. Plans to discontinue Cocao Reserve brand Starbucks chocolate partnership. | 0. 06| 3| 0. 18| 1| 0. 06| 4. Hershey’s iconic brands are instantly recognized within the domestic market| 0. 06| -| -| -| -| 5. The company’s long-term debt increased| 0. 05| -| -| -| -| SUBTOTAL| 1. 00| | 2. 05| | 1. 74| | Global Expansion| Develop Organic Products| Opportunities| AS| TAS| AS| TAS| 1.Organic foods products are the fastest growing sectors. | 0. 10| 1| 0. 10| 4| 0. 40| 2. Seasonal sales account for 10%| 0. 05| -| -| -| -| 3. Nestle’s image has suffe red. | 0. 04| 3| 0. 12| 2| 0. 08| 4. Consumers are increasingly aware of the nutritional value. | 0. 07| 3| 0. 21| 4| 0. 28| 5. Confectionery products projected global market value of $107. 4 billion by 2010| 0. 09| 3 | 0. 27| 2| 0. 18| 6. Chocolate currently accounts for 55. 8% of the market’s overall global value. | 0. 08| -| -| -| -| Threats| 1. Mergers and acquisitions have influenced both the market share. 0. 01| 4| 0. 04| 2| 0. 02| 2. Nestle expanded nutritional product. | 0. 08| 3| 0. 24| 4| 0. 32| 3. Nestle entered the organic product segment. | 0. 08| 3| 0. 24| 4| 0. 32| 4. Cadbury manufactures a line of products with no artificial colors or flavorings| 0. 07| 1| 0. 07| 2| 0. 14| 5. Cadbury has a 71% market share in India, and 53% Australia. | 0. 06| 3| 0. 18| 2| 0. 12| 6. Mars Nutrition and Health Well being has developed low-fat and healthy snacks| 0. 07| 2| 0. 14| 3| 0. 21| 7. International wholesale sugar prices may reach 40 cent a pound| 0. 06| -| -| -| -| 8.Coc oa future contract prices in 2008 ranged from $ 0. 86 to $1. 50 per pound| 0. 05| -| -| -| -| SUBTOTAL| | | 1. 57| | 2. 07| SUM TOTAL ATTRACTIVENESS SCORE| | | 3. 66| | 3. 81| As the result of QSPM, we consider two alternative strategies As following:a) Global expansion b) Develop organic products The sum total attractive scores are 3. 66 and 3. 87. The analysis indicates that Hershey should develop organic products. L. Recommendations From the evaluations of the company’s conditions, performance, and the analysis provided from SWOT matrix, IFE-EFE matrix, and Grand strategy matrix.We recommend three specific strategies as following: 1) Expand to global market Hershey has recently market share 86% in America and it is well known in America as the chocolate maker since 1906. On the other hand, In the global market, Hershey is the third rang next to Nestle and Cadbery. Hershey needs to continue to focus on the global market. Hershey currently has a limited presence in many area s of the world. However, compare to the actual plan strategies of the company, they have begun to expand into new areas such as China and India. We are suggesting the new organization structure to Hershey Food Corporation.In this structure, we have suggested continental president, which will help to complete globally or to increase the market share globally because they will have the experience of the particular continents and they will work according to market conditions. The Hershey Company needs to go international advertisement to promote the product as well as they have to find out the new channels of distribution and adopt the new channels to increase the sales. For the cost of expand to global market, the company must spend more in terms of marketing that amount is indicated in the projected income statement. ) Continue chocolate partnership with coffee store, and online gift business Hershey should continue to provide new chocolate flavored coffee product in supermarkets and coffee stores. This allows Hershey to market to new segment, more consumers , and participate in new trends. Besides, Hershey should continue online gift business to get the new channel to increase the sales as well as to provide the seasonal products and the gifts that could be personalized by the consumer. 3) Develop organic product People have become much more aware of the various factors that negatively affect their health.Chocolate and other candy are viewed as an unhealthy snack. Organic food products are one of the fastest growing sectors. Therefore, Hershey needs to continue to expand the market healthy products in order to gain a greater market share. If Hershey continues to market the products they already have in categories and continues to develop new products that address the healthy to the public, then their revenues will increase throughout the years as the projected income statement as following. Projected financial statementsProjected The Hershey company Statements of Income| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | In thousands of dollars except| For the year ended December 31| 2008| 2009| 2010| 2011| | | | | | | | | | Net Sales| 5,132,768| 5,298,668| 5,671,009| 6,238,110| Costs and Expenses 😠 | | | | | | | | | | | | Cost of sales| | 3,375,050| 3,245,531| 3,255,801| 3,402,798| | | | | | | | Selling, marketing and administrative| 1,073,019| 1,208,672| 1,426,477| 1,511,119| | | | | | | | | Business realignment and | | 94,801| 82,875| 83,433| 90,080| | impairment charges, net| | | | | | | | | | Total costs and expenses| 4,542,870| 4,537,078| 4,765,711| 5,003,997| | | | | | | | | | Income before Interest and Income Taxes| 589,898| 761,590| 905,298| 1,234,113| | Interest expenses, net| | 97,876| 90,459| 96,434| 111,070| | | | | | | | | | Income before Income Taxes| | 492,022| 671,131| 808,864| 1,123,043| | Provision for income taxes| | 180,617| 235,137| 299,065| 393,065| | | | | | | | | | Net Income| 311,405| 435,994| 509,799| 729,978| Projected The He rshey Company's Balance Sheet| | | | | | | | | | all numbers in thousands)| | Period Ending| 2008| 2009| 2010| 2011| | | | | | | | | | | Total Asset| | | 3,634,719| 3,675,031| 4,272,732| 4,913,642| Short term debt| | | 501,504| 39,313| 285,480| 157,014| Long term debt| | | 1,505,945| 1,502,730| 1,541,825| 1,418,479| Stockholders' Equity| | | 318,199| 760,339| 937,601| 1,021,985| M. Evaluation of the recommendations based on Islamic perspective Islamic perspective As we know, Hershey produces good quality of chocolate and Chocolate is made from plants, which means it contains many of the health benefits of dark chocolate.These benefits are from flavonoids , which act as antioxidants. Moreover, the other benefit that we are able to gain from chocolate such as Lower Blood Pressure, Lower Cholesterol, endorphin production and so on. Allah orders us to consume good thing and try to avoid the meal that it will damage our bodies. As Allah said: Messengers! eat of the good thing s and do good; surely i know what you do Chapter: 23 , Verse: 51 eat of the lawful and good things with which allah has provided you and be thankful for the favors of allah if it is he you worship Chapter: 16 , Verse: 114 Moreover, Hershey produce halal product to consumer. The ingredients that are utilized to produce chocolate are not the ingredient that Allah forbidden as said in Quran. He has only forbidden you what dies of itself and blood and flesh of swine and that over which any other name than that of Allah has been invoked, but whoever is driven to necessity, not desiring nor exceeding the limit, then surely Allah is forgiving, merciful Chapter: 16 , Verse: 115 Hershey also has policy to maintain and concern about environment. It was one of the companies who are in World cocoa Foundation which support environmental project. This project includes non-chemical pest management practice and encourage sustainable farming practice to support ecosy stem in the region.Allah does not love people who harm environment as said in Quran ? â€Å"Seek not mischief in the land, for Allah loves not those who do mischief. † (Quran 28:77) According to scientists and philosophers, man is considered as the major factor in disturbing the natural balance of the universe. Man interferes intentionally or unintentionally in the earth's ecosystems by impairing its perfect order and precise sequence. However, it seems that man has cut off his nose to spite his face and he now is the victim. Grave dangers are anifested in pollution of the air, water, soil, outer space and others, as well as the irrational exploitation of the environment's resources, and inconsistent distribution of human settlements. All these factors have lead to different problems, all of which are marked by a disturbance to the earth's natural balance. If companies or industries exploit or use up natural materials and environment, all damage will revert back to them. As promised Quran. Mischief has appeared on the land and sea, because of (the need) that the hands of man have earned, that (Allah) may give them a taste of some of their deeds: in order that they may turn back (from evil). †Ã‚  (Quran 30:41) REFFERENCES About Hershey. Retrieved on 02/02/12. From: http://www. thehersheycompany. com/about-hershey. aspx â€Å"Chocolate is good for you. † Chocolate Trading Co. July 13th, 2005 November 1st, 2007. Financial Report. Retrieved on 02/02/12. From: http://www. thehersheycompany. com/ investors/financial-reports. aspx. Fred R. David, â€Å"Strategic Management: Concept and Cases, Hershey Company—2009† 13th Edn.Page 111-119. Pearson Education, 2011 Halal and Haram Foods according to Quran. Retrieved on 02/02/12. From: http://www. parsquran. com/eng/subject/halal. htm Karem S. Ghoneim (Prof. ), Quran Recitations : The Quran and the Environment . Retrieved on 02/02/12. From: http://www. whyquran. co m/877/content/blogsection/0/98/9/18/ Mark Stibich, Health Benefits of  Chocolate. Retrieved on 02/02/12. From: http://longevity. about. com/od/lifelongnutrition/p/chocolate. htm Organization’s key Competitors. Retrieved on 02/02/12. From: www. foodproductiondaily-usa. com |